Comparison of thyroglossal duct cysts in adults and children: 11 years of clinical experience

Objective. The aim of this study is to analyse the diagnostic, therapeutic, and follow-up characteristics of patients with thyroglossal duct cysts (TGDC) focusing on clinical differences between paediatric and adult cases.
Methods. Between January 2006 and December 2016, patients who underwent surgical treatment in our clinic with the diagnosis of TGDC were included. Patients were divided into paediatric (under 18 years) and adult groups. Age, gender, presenting symptoms, duration of symptoms, cyst size and location, imaging methods, histopathological findings and recurrence information were compared.
Results. A total of 36 patients were included (17 paediatric, 19 adult). In both groups, the most common complaint was neck swelling, and cysts were most frequently infrahyoid (77.8%). Adults had significantly larger cysts than children (p = 0.02), and sinus tract discharge occurred only in paediatric patients (p = 0.04). TGDC carcinoma was identified in only 3 adults.
Conclusions. TGDCs are the most common congenital neck masses in both age groups. The gold standard surgical treatment for this condition is the Sistrunk procedure, which significantly reduces the risk of recurrence. Clinicians should remain vigilant, as carcinoma may coexist with TGDCs, particularly in adults.