Are 3D-printed temporal bone models the future of otologic surgical training? A national multicentre validation study

Authors

Pietro Canzi - Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy. *IO, PC and SM contributed equally to the work.

Ilaria Ottoboni - epartment of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy. *IO, PC and SM contributed equally to the work. Corresponding author - ilaria.otto94@gmail.com

Stefania Marconi - Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. *IO, PC and SM contributed equally to the work.

Ferdinando Auricchio - Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy

Matteo Alicandri-Ciufelli - Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy

Paolo Aluffi Valletti - Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eastern Piedmont University, Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy

Michela Borin - ENT and Audiology Unit, Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

Luca Bruschini - Otolaryngology, Audiology, and Phoniatrics Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

Andrea Canale - Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy

Elena Carlotto - Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy

Filippo Carta - Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy

Giuseppe Chiarella - Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Audiology and Phoniatrics Unit, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy

Edoardo Covelli - Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy

Adelchi Croce - Department of Otolaryngology, University G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy

Stefano Di Girolamo - Otolaryngology Department, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy

Francesco Dispenza - Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico ‘‘Paolo Giaccone’’, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy

Salvatore Ferlito - Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia” E.N.T. Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy

Ignacio Javier Fernandez - Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

Virginia Valeria Ferretti - Unit of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometrics, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy

Anna Rita Fetoni - Audiology Section “Federico II”, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry Department, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy

Lorenzo Maria Gaini - Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy

Cosimo Galletti - Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna “Kore”, Enna, Italy; Department of Adult and Development Age Human Pathology “Gaetano Barresi”, Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy

Annalisa Gatto - Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy

Andrea Laborai - Unit of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy

Enrico Liaci - Department of Medicine and Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology and Otoneurosurgery, University of Parma, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy

Simone Mauramati - Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy

Antonia Pisani - Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Head and Neck Department, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, Milan, Italy

Nicola Quaranta - Otolaryngology Unit, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neurosciences (DiBraiN), University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Bari, Italy

Giampietro Ricci - Department of Medicine & Surgery, Section of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy

Francesca Yoshie Russo - Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

Bruno Sergi - Department of Otolaryngology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy

Davide Soloperto - Otolaryngology Department, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy

Michele Tomasoni - Unit of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Brescia, Italy

Elisabetta Zanoletti - Section of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Neuroscience-DNS, Azienda Ospedale Università di Padova, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

Marco Benazzo - Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy