Rhinology
Published: 2023-05-23
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Italian version of the brief Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders (brief-IT-QOD)

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, IRCCS Multimedica, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-5279
Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, IRCCS Multimedica, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Milan, Italy
Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3183-0552
Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, IRCCS Multimedica, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Milan, Italy
Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, IRCCS Multimedica, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Milan, Italy
Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, IRCCS Multimedica, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7862-5663
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, IRCCS Multimedica, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2591-4063
olfaction disorders questionnaire quality of life

Abstract

Objective. To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Italian brief-QOD (Brief-IT-QOD).
Methods. The study consisted of six phases: item generation, reliability analysis (112 dysosmic patients for internal consistency analysis and 61 for test-retest reliability analysis), normative data generation (303 normosmic subjects), validity analysis (comparison of Brief-IT-QOD scores of healthy and dysosmic subjects and scores correlation with psychophysical olfactory testing (TDI) and SNOT-22 scores), responsiveness analysis (10 dysosmic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) patients before and after biologic therapy), and cut-off value determination (ROC curve analysis of Brief-IT-QOD sensitivity and specificity).
Results. All subjects completed the Brief-IT-QOD. Internal consistency (α > 0.70) and test-retest reliability (ICC > 0.7) were acceptable and satisfactory for both questionnaire subscales. A significant difference between dysosmic and control subjects was found in both subscales (p < 0.05). Significant correlations between subscales scores and TDI and SNOT-22 scores were observed. Brief-IT-QOD scores before treatment were significantly higher than after biological therapy.
Conclusions. Brief-IT-QOD is reliable, valid, responsive to changes in QoL, and recommended for clinical practice and outcome research.

Affiliations

Arianna Cardella

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, IRCCS Multimedica, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

Giuseppe Riva

Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy

Andrea Preti

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, IRCCS Multimedica, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Milan, Italy

Andrea Albera

Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy

Livio Luzi

Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy

Roberto Albera

Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy

Davide Cadei

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, IRCCS Multimedica, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Milan, Italy

Gian Marco Motatto

Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy

Filippo Omenetti

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, IRCCS Multimedica, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Milan, Italy

Giancarlo Pecorari

Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy

Francesco Ottaviani

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, IRCCS Multimedica, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

Francesco Mozzanica

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, IRCCS Multimedica, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

Copyright

© Società Italiana di Otorinolaringoiatria e chirurgia cervico facciale , 2023

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